整理/谭思静 制图/张玉佳
白马非马
白色的马与马并非一回事。“白马非马”乃是名家递出的一个关键论点，公孙龙子对此进行了细致的陈说。公孙龙子认为，“马”这个名称是用来标注马的形貌的，而“白”这个名称是用来说明白色的。所谓“白马”，同时具备了“马”和“白”两重意涵，也因此它所指代的对象，和“马”所指代的便不再是一物。“白马非马”的主张意在阐明，“马”这一称谓，难以精确指向白马、黄马、黑马所共有的独特属性。若要准确描述事物，就必须对名称进行周全的区分。
A White Horse Is Not a Horse
This is a significant assertion advanced by the School of Names. Gongsun Longzi elaborated extensively on this perspective. According to him, "horse" serves as a label for the physical form of a horse, whereas "white" designates the color white. "White horse" encompasses both "horse" and "white," thus it stands distinct from the object denoted by "horse." The argument that "a white horse is not a horse" aims to highlight that the term "horse" fails to precisely convey the unique qualities shared by white, brown, and black horses. Greater precision is required in naming to accurately identify an entity.
谭思静 张玉佳来源：中国青年报
2026年08月18日 02版
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