文质彬彬·每日好词语｜因势利导

整理/秦珍子；制图/张玉佳

因势利导之要义

所谓因势利导，乃是顺着事物本身的态势引导其向有利的方向发展。此中“势”指事物存在、变化、发展的基本态势或趋势，具有客观性，是第一位的；“利”则为人所确立的目标，带有主观性，是第二位的。目标的达成，并非主观强加于客观的过程，而应该是主客体交互作用的结果。人作为行为主体，必须持续不断地达成主客观的一致性，建立起规律性认识和大局观。唯有审时度势，方能有所发现，有所发明，有所创造，不断前进，最终取得成就。这正是主客体关系的辩证所在。

Exploit Favorable Situation to Pursue the Goal

In this concept, shi is all about how things exist, change and evolve, which holds an objective and primary position; and li refers to the goal set by people, which is subjective and secondary in nature. A goal should be achieved via interactions between the objective and the subjective, rather than imposing subjective preference on the objective. As the initiator of action, people must keep striving to achieve alignment between the objective and the subjective. By doing so, they can rationalize their knowledge, develop a broad perspective and make timely adjustments to foster new discoveries, innovations and advancement. This is the essence of the relationship between the objective and the subjective.

例证：“势”既能利用，亦可创造。致虚守静，因势利导。（张居正《权谋残卷·度势》）（有利的态势可以利用，也可以主动去营造。需排除杂念、保持内心澄澈宁静，才能创造和利用有利形势以达成目标。）

A favorable situation may be exploited, or it might be created. Stay calm, composed, and make the most of such a situation. (Zhang Juzheng: An Incomplete Book on Strategies and Tactics)

出处：中国青年报

日期：2026年07月12日 01版